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Created page with "DisplayPort (DP) is a digital display interface developed by a consortium of PC and chip manufacturers and standardized by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)...."

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DisplayPort (DP) is a digital display interface developed by a consortium of PC and chip manufacturers and standardized by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA). The interface is primarily used to connect a video source to a display device such as a computer monitor, and it can also carry audio, USB, and other forms of data.

DisplayPort was designed to replace VGA, FPD-Link, and Digital Visual Interface (DVI). The interface is backward compatible with other interfaces, such as HDMI and DVI, through the use of either active or passive adapters.

Overview

DisplayPort is the first display interface to rely on packetized data transmission, a form of digital communication found in technologies such as Ethernet, USB, and PCI Express. It permits the use of internal and external display connections, and unlike legacy standards that transmit a clock signal with each output, the DisplayPort protocol is based on small data packets known as micro packets, which can embed the clock signal within the data stream. This allows for higher resolution using fewer pins. The use of data packets also makes DisplayPort extensible, meaning additional features can be added over time without significant changes to the physical interface.

DisplayPort can be used to transmit audio and video simultaneously, although each is optional and can be transmitted without the other. The video signal path can range from six to sixteen bits per color channel, and the audio path can have up to eight channels of 24-bit, 192 kHz PCM audio that is uncompressed. A bi-directional, half-duplex auxiliary channel carries device management and device control data for the Main Link, such as VESA EDID, MCCS, and DPMS standards. In addition, the interface is capable of carrying bi-directional USB signals.

The DisplayPort interface uses an LVDS signal protocol that is not compatible with DVI or HDMI. However, dual-mode DisplayPort ports are designed to transmit a single-link DVI or HDMI protocol (TMDS) across the interface through the use of an external passive adapter. This adapter enables compatibility mode and converts the signal from 3.3 to 5 volts. For analog VGA/YPbPr and dual-link DVI, a powered active adapter is required for compatibility and does not rely on dual mode. Active VGA adapters are powered by the DisplayPort connector directly, while active dual-link DVI adapters typically rely on an external power source such as USB.

== Versions ==

=== 1.0 to 1.1 ===
The first version, 1.0, was approved by VESA on 3 May 2006.<ref name="launch">{{cite web |title=New DisplayPort(TM) Interface Standard for PCs, Monitors, TV Displays and Projectors Released by the Video Electronics Standards Association |date=3 May 2006 |publisher=Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214160316/http://www.vesa.org/press/VESA_dportlaunchpr_Final.htm |url=http://www.vesa.org/press/VESA_dportlaunchpr_Final.htm |archivedate=14 February 2009}}</ref> Version 1.1 was ratified on 2 April 2007,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geek.com/articles/gadgets/displayport-the-new-video-interconnect-standard-20070730/ |title=DisplayPort: The new video interconnect standard |last=Hodgin |first=Rick |date=30 July 2007 |publisher=geek.com |accessdate=21 July 2011}}</ref> and version 1.1a was ratified on 11 January 2008.<ref name="DP 1.1a">{{cite web|title=VESA DisplayPort Standard, Version 1, Revision 1a|url=http://file.yizimg.com/383992/2014090921252964.pdf|publisher=Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) |date=11 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408072820/http://file.yizimg.com/383992/2014090921252964.pdf|archive-date=8 April 2016}}</ref>

DisplayPort 1.0–1.1a allow a maximum bandwidth of 10.8{{nbsp}}Gbit/s (8.64{{nbsp}}Gbit/s data rate) over a standard 4-lane main link. DisplayPort cables up to 2 meters in length are required to support the full 10.8{{nbsp}}Gbit/s bandwidth.<ref name="DP 1.1a" /> DisplayPort 1.1 allows devices to implement alternative link layers such as [[Optical fiber|fiber optic]], allowing a much longer reach between source and display without signal degradation,<ref>{{cite web |date=17 April 2007 |url=http://www.luxtera.com/2007041644/video-electronics-standards-association-vesa-endorses-alternative-to-copper-cables-%E2%80%93-enables-optical-video-interconnect-in-displayport-standard.html |title=Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) Endorses Alternative to Copper Cables |publisher=[[Luxtera]] Inc. |accessdate=19 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218120014/http://www.luxtera.com/2007041644/video-electronics-standards-association-vesa-endorses-alternative-to-copper-cables-%E2%80%93-enables-optical-video-interconnect-in-displayport-standard.html|archive-date=18 February 2010}}</ref> although alternative implementations are not standardized. It also includes [[HDCP]] in addition to DisplayPort Content Protection (DPCP). The DisplayPort{{nbsp}}1.1a standard can be downloaded for free from the VESA website.<ref name="VESA Free Standards">{{cite web|title=Free Standards |publisher=Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) |url=https://www.vesa.org/vesa-standards/ |accessdate=2 May 2018}}</ref>

=== 1.2 ===
DisplayPort version 1.2 was introduced on 7 January 2010.<ref name="DP 1.2 press">{{cite web|title=VESA Introduces DisplayPort v1.2, the Most Comprehensive and Innovative Display Interface Available|url=https://www.vesa.org/press/vesa%C2%AE-introduces-displayporttm-v1-2-the-most-comprehensive-and-innovative-display-interface-available/|website=www.vesa.org|publisher=Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)|accessdate=2 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502064105/https://www.vesa.org/press/vesa%C2%AE-introduces-displayporttm-v1-2-the-most-comprehensive-and-innovative-display-interface-available/|archivedate=2 May 2018|date=7 January 2010}}</ref> The most significant improvement of the new version is the doubling of the effective bandwidth to 17.28{{nbsp}}Gbit/s in High Bit Rate 2 (HBR2) mode, which allows increased resolutions, higher refresh rates, and greater color depth. Other improvements include multiple independent video streams (daisy-chain connection with multiple monitors) called Multi-Stream Transport, facilities for [[stereoscopy|stereoscopic 3D]], increased AUX channel bandwidth (from 1{{nbsp}}Mbit/s to 720{{nbsp}}Mbit/s), more color spaces including [[xvYCC]], [[scRGB]] and [[Adobe RGB 1998]], and Global Time Code (GTC) for sub 1{{nbsp}}μs audio/video synchronisation. Also [[Apple Inc.]]'s [[Mini DisplayPort]] connector, which is much smaller and designed for [[laptop computer]]s and other small devices, is compatible with the new standard.<ref name="ICCE" /><ref name="DevCon2010">{{Cite journal | url = http://www.vesa.org/events/developer-conference-presentations-posted/ | title = DisplayPort Developer Conference Presentations Posted | date = 6 December 2010 | publisher = Vesa }}</ref><ref name="GRAT583">{{cite web |url=http://download.microsoft.com/download/5/E/6/5E66B27B-988B-4F50-AF3A-C2FF1E62180F/GRA-T583_WH08.pptx |title=WinHEC 2008 GRA-583: Display Technologies |publisher=Microsoft |date=6 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227074524/http://download.microsoft.com/download/5/E/6/5E66B27B-988B-4F50-AF3A-C2FF1E62180F/GRA-T583_WH08.pptx|archive-date=27 December 2008}}</ref><ref>Tony Smith, [http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2009/01/13/displayport_1dot2_basics/ "DisplayPort revision to get mini connector, stereo 3D"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014084951/http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2009/01/13/displayport_1dot2_basics/ |date=14 October 2009 }}, ''The Register'', 13 January 2009</ref>

==== 1.2a ====
DisplayPort version 1.2a was released in January 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.connectorsupplier.com/displayport-av-applications-next-five-years/|title=DisplayPort in A/V Applications in the Next Five Years|author=Joseph D. Cornwall|date=15 January 2014|work=connectorsupplier.com|accessdate=10 May 2018}}</ref> and may optionally include VESA's ''Adaptive Sync''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vesa.org/featured-articles/vesa-adds-adaptive-sync-to-popular-displayport-video-standard/|title=VESA Adds 'Adaptive-Sync' to Popular DisplayPort Video Standard|date=12 May 2014|work=vesa.org|accessdate=27 January 2016}}</ref> [[Advanced Micro Devices|AMD's]] ''[[FreeSync]]'' uses the DisplayPort Adaptive-Sync feature for operation. FreeSync was first demonstrated at [[Consumer Electronics Show|CES]] 2014 on a Toshiba Satellite laptop by making use of the Panel-Self-Refresh (PSR) feature from the Embedded DisplayPort standard,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/7641/amd-demonstrates-freesync-free-gsync-alternative-at-ces-2014|title=AMD Demonstrates "FreeSync", Free G-Sync Alternative, at CES 2014|author=Anand Lal Shimpi|work=anandtech.com|accessdate=27 January 2016}}</ref> and after a proposal from AMD, VESA later adapted the Panel-Self-Refresh feature for use in standalone displays and added it as an optional feature of the main DisplayPort standard under the name "Adaptive-Sync" in version 1.2a.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hardware.fr/news/13545/amd-freesync-proposition-dp-1-2a.html|title=AMD 'FreeSync': proposition pour le DP 1.2a|work=hardware.fr|accessdate=27 January 2016}}</ref> As it is an optional feature, support for Adaptive-Sync is not required for a display to be DisplayPort 1.2a-compliant.

=== 1.3 ===
DisplayPort version 1.3 was approved on 15 September 2014.<ref name="DP 1.3 press">{{cite web |url=http://www.vesa.org/uncategorized/vesa-releases-displayport-1-3-standard/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812172042/http://www.vesa.org/uncategorized/vesa-releases-displayport-1-3-standard/ |title=VESA Releases DisplayPort 1.3 Standard |publisher=Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) |date=15 September 2014 |accessdate=27 January 2016 |archive-date=12 August 2017}}</ref> This standard increases overall transmission bandwidth to 32.4{{nbsp}}Gbit/s with the new HBR3 mode featuring 8.1{{nbsp}}Gbit/s per lane (up from 5.4{{nbsp}}Gbit/s with HBR2 in version 1.2), for a total data throughput of 25.92{{nbsp}}Gbit/s after factoring in 8b/10b encoding overhead. This bandwidth is enough for a [[Ultra-high-definition television|4K UHD]] display ({{resx|3840|2160}}) at 120{{nbsp}}Hz with 24{{nbsp}}bit/px RGB color, a 5K display ({{resx|5120|2880}}) at 60{{nbsp}}Hz with 30{{nbsp}}bit/px RGB color, or an [[Ultra-high-definition television|8K UHD]] display ({{resx|7680|4320}}) at 30{{nbsp}}Hz with 24{{nbsp}}bit/px RGB color. Using Multi-Stream Transport (MST), a DisplayPort port can drive two 4K UHD ({{resx|3840|2160}}) displays at 60{{nbsp}}Hz, or up to four WQXGA ({{resx|2560|1600}}) displays at 60{{nbsp}}Hz with 24{{nbsp}}bit/px RGB color. The new standard includes mandatory [[#Dual-mode|Dual-mode]] for DVI and HDMI adapters, implementing the [[HDMI]]{{nbsp}}2.0 standard and [[HDCP]]{{nbsp}}2.2 content protection.<ref>{{cite web|title = VESA Releases DisplayPort 1.3 Standard: 50% More Bandwidth, New Features|url = http://www.anandtech.com/show/8533/vesa-releases-displayport-13-standard-50-more-bandwidth-new-features|website = www.anandtech.com|accessdate = 7 January 2016}}</ref> The [[Thunderbolt 3]] connection standard was originally to include DisplayPort{{nbsp}}1.3 capability, but the final release ended up with only version 1.2. The VESA's Adaptive Sync feature in DisplayPort version 1.3 remains an optional part of the specification.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/8533/vesa-releases-displayport-13-standard-50-more-bandwidth-new-features |title= VESA Releases DisplayPort 1.3 Standard: 50% More Bandwidth, New Features |date= 16 September 2014 |access-date=15 September 2016 |quote= DisplayPort Active-Sync remains an optional part of the specification, so Adaptive-Sync availability will continue to be on a monitor-by-monitor basis as a premium feature.}}</ref>

=== 1.4 ===
DisplayPort version 1.4 was published 1 March 2016.<ref name="DP 1.4 press">{{cite web |url=https://www.vesa.org/news/vesa-publishes-displayport-standard-version-1-4/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103163937/https://www.vesa.org/news/vesa-publishes-displayport-standard-version-1-4/ |title= VESA Publishes DisplayPort Standard Version 1.4 |publisher=Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) |date=1 March 2016 |accessdate=2 March 2016 |archive-date=3 January 2018}}</ref> No new transmission modes are defined, so HBR3 (32.4{{nbsp}}Gbit/s) as introduced in version 1.3 still remains as the highest available mode. DisplayPort{{nbsp}}1.4 adds support for Display Stream Compression 1.2 (DSC), [[Forward Error Correction]], [[HDR10]] metadata defined in CTA-861.3, including static and dynamic metadata and the [[Rec. 2020]] color space, for HDMI interoperability,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.planar.com/blog/2018/2/28/displayport-14-vs-hdmi-21/|title=DisplayPort 1.4 vs HDMI 2.1|website=Planar}}</ref> and extends the maximum number of inline audio channels to 32.<ref name="VESAupdateDSC12">{{cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vesa-updates-display-stream-compression-standard-to-support-new-applications-and-richer-display-content-300210420.html |title=VESA Updates Display Stream Compression Standard to Support New Applications and Richer Display Content |publisher=PRNewswire |date=27 January 2016 |accessdate=29 January 2016}}</ref>

DSC is a "visually lossless" encoding technique with up to a 3:1 compression ratio.<ref name="DP 1.4 press"/> Using DSC with HBR3 transmission rates, DisplayPort{{nbsp}}1.4 can support 8K UHD ({{resx|7680|4320}}) at 60{{nbsp}}Hz or 4K UHD ({{resx|3840|2160}}) at 120{{nbsp}}Hz with 30{{nbsp}}bit/px RGB color and HDR. 4K at 60{{nbsp}}Hz 30{{nbsp}}bit/px RGB/HDR can be achieved without the need for DSC. On displays which do not support DSC, the maximum limits are unchanged from DisplayPort{{nbsp}}1.3 (4K 120{{nbsp}}Hz, 5K 60{{nbsp}}Hz, 8K 30{{nbsp}}Hz).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nextpowerup.com/news/26775/next-displayport-can-drive-8k-hdr-monitors/|title=Next DisplayPort Can Drive 8K HDR Monitors|website=NextPowerUp|access-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227131148/http://www.nextpowerup.com/news/26775/next-displayport-can-drive-8k-hdr-monitors/|archive-date=27 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== 1.4a ====

DisplayPort version 1.4a was published in April 2018.<ref name="DP 1.4a FAQ">{{cite web |title=FAQ{{Snd}} DisplayPort |url=https://www.displayport.org/faq/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224123542/https://www.displayport.org/faq/ |archive-date=24 December 2018}}</ref> VESA made no official press release for this version. It updated DisplayPort's DSC implementation from DSC 1.2 to 1.2a.<ref name="DSC Display Stream Compression">{{cite web |title=DSC Display Stream Compression |url=https://vesa.org/vesa-display-compression-codecs/dsc/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710163312/https://vesa.org/vesa-display-compression-codecs/dsc/|archive-date=10 July 2019}}</ref>

=== 2.0 ===
According to a roadmap published by VESA in September 2016, a new version of DisplayPort was intended to be launched in "early 2017". It would have improved the link rate from 8.1 to 10.0{{nbsp}}Gbit/s, a 24% increase.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://imgur.com/kvzntWj|title=DisplayPort Roadmap (09-'16)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vesa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/USB-DevDays-DisplayPort-Alternate-Mode-2016-final4.pdf|title=VESA DisplayPort Alternate Mode on USB-C{{Snd}} Technical Overview|date=28 September 2016|publisher=USB Implementers Forum}}</ref> This would have increased the total bandwidth from 32.4{{nbsp}}Gbit/s to 40.0{{nbsp}}Gbit/s.

However, no new version was released in 2017, likely delayed to make further improvements after the HDMI Forum announced in January 2017 that their next standard (HDMI{{nbsp}}2.1) would offer up to 48{{nbsp}}Gbit/s of bandwidth. According to a press release on 3 January 2018, "VESA is also currently engaged with its members in the development of the next DisplayPort standard generation, with plans to increase the data rate enabled by DisplayPort by two-fold and beyond. VESA plans to publish this update within the next 18 months."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vesa.org/featured-articles/vesa-strengthens-8k-video-resolution-ecosystem-with-market-ready-dp8k-certified-displayport-cables/|title=VESA Strengthens 8K Video Resolution Ecosystem with Market-ready DP8K Certified DisplayPort Cables|date=3 January 2018|website=VESA{{Snd}} Interface Standards for The Display Industry}}</ref>

At CES 2019, VESA announced that the new version would support 8K @ 60{{nbsp}}Hz without compression and was expected to be released in the first half of 2019.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Display Technologies Ruled At CES 2019 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/moorinsights/2019/02/12/display-technologies-ruled-at-ces-2019/ |first=Anshel |last=Sag |magazine=[[Forbes.com]] |date=12 February 2019 |accessdate=12 April 2019}}</ref>

On 26 June 2019, VESA formally released the DisplayPort 2.0 standard. VESA stated that DP 2.0 is the first major update to the DisplayPort standard since March 2016, and provides up to a ≈3× improvement in data rate (from 25.92 to 77.37{{nbsp}}Gbit/s) compared to the previous version of DisplayPort (1.4a), as well as new capabilities to address the future performance requirements of traditional displays. These include beyond 8K resolutions, higher refresh rates and high dynamic range (HDR) support at higher resolutions, improved support for multiple display configurations, as well as improved user experience with augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR) displays, including support for 4K-and-beyond VR resolutions.

Products incorporating DP 2.0 are not projected by VESA to appear on the market until late 2020.<ref name="DP 2.0 press">{{cite web|title=VESA Publishes DisplayPort 2.0 Video Standard Enabling Support for Beyond-8K Resolutions, Higher Refresh Rates For 4K/HDR and Virtual Reality Applications |url=https://vesa.org/press/vesa-publishes-displayport-2-0-video-standard-enabling-support-for-beyond-8k-resolutions-higher-refresh-rates-for-4k-hdr-and-virtual-reality-applications/ |date=26 June 2019 |accessdate=26 June 2019}}</ref>

====DP 2.0 configuration examples====

With the increased bandwidth enabled by DP 2.0, VESA offers a high degree of versatility and configurations for higher display resolutions and refresh rates. In addition to the above-mentioned 8K resolution at 60{{nbsp}}Hz with HDR support, DP 2.0 across the native DP connector or through USB-C as DisplayPort Alt Mode enables a variety of high-performance configurations:

* '''Single display resolutions'''
** One 16K (15360 × 8640) display @ 60 Hz with 10 bpc (30 bit/px, HDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (with DSC)
** One 10K (10240 × 4320) display @ 60 Hz and 8 bpc (24 bit/px, SDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (uncompressed)
* '''Dual display resolutions'''
** Two 8K (7680 × 4320) displays @ 120 Hz and 10 bpc (30 bit/px, HDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (with DSC)
** Two 4K (3840 × 2160) displays @ 144 Hz and 8 bpc (24 bit/px, SDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (uncompressed)
* '''Triple display resolutions'''
** Three 10K (10240 × 4320) displays @ 60 Hz and 10 bpc (30 bit/px, HDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (with DSC)
** Three 4K (3840 × 2160) displays @ 90 Hz and 10 bpc (30 bit/px, HDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (uncompressed)

When using only two lanes on the USB-C connector via DP Alt Mode to allow for simultaneous SuperSpeed USB data and video, DP 2.0 can enable such configurations as:<ref name="DP 2.0 press" />

*Three 4K (3840 × 2160) displays @ 144 Hz and 10 bpc (30 bit/px, HDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (with DSC)
*Two 4K × 4K (4096 × 4096) displays (for AR/VR headsets) @ 120 Hz and 10 bpc (30 bit/px, HDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (with DSC)
*Three QHD (2560 × 1440) @ 120 Hz and 8 bpc (24 bit/px, SDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (uncompressed)
*One 8K (7680 × 4320) display @ 30 Hz and 10 bpc (30 bit/px, HDR) RGB/Y′CBCR 4:4:4 color (uncompressed)

=DP++=
See [https://private.simplynuc.com/wiki/DP%2B%2B DP++]

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−	See [https://wiki.tbpindustries.com/~~wiki/~~DP~~%2B%2B~~ DP++]	+	See [https://wiki.tbpindustries.com/index.php?title=DP DP++]

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	=DP++=		=DP++=
−	See [https://~~private~~.~~simplynuc~~.com/wiki/DP%2B%2B DP++]	+	See [https://wiki.tbpindustries.com/wiki/DP%2B%2B DP++]

DisplayPort - Revision history

Goldbolt at 21:47, 23 November 2020

Goldbolt: /* DP++ */

Goldbolt: Created page with "DisplayPort (DP) is a digital display interface developed by a consortium of PC and chip manufacturers and standardized by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)...."